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DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES: 4 Semesters

Courses leading to the award of :

1. Diploma in ACCOUNTING (DAC)

1ST SEMESTER

GNS 101 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES & STATISTICS
GNS 103 USE OF ENGLISH
DAC 101 PRINC. & PRACTICE OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
DAC 103 PRINCIPLES OF MICRO & MACRO ECONOMICS
DAC 105 INTRODUCTION TO COST ACCOUNTING
DAC 107 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

Units 18

2ND SEMESTER
GNS 102 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS & SPREADSHEET
GNS 104 COMMUNICATION SKILL
DAC 102 COST ACCOUNTING (II)
DAC 104 INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS LAW
DAC 106 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING (II)
DAC 108 INTRODUCTION TO AUDITING & TAXATION

Units 18

TOTAL CREDITS AT THE END OF 1ST YEAR = 36 Units

2ND YEAR

1ST SEMESTER

GNS 201 ENTREPRENEURAL DEVELOPMENT & BUS. POLICY
DAC 201 ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
DAC 203 SYSTEM ANALYSIS & MANAGEMENT INFO. SYSTEM
DAC 205 MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
DAC 207 OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
DAC 209 AUDITING & INVESTIGATION

Units 18

2ND SEMESTER

GNS 202 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS & SPSSO
DAC 202 PUBLIC FINANCE
DAC 204 PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING
DAC 206 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
DAC 208 COMPANY LAW
DAC 210 TAXATION
DAC 211 RESEARCH PROJECT

Units 24

TOTAL CREDITS FOR 2ND YEAR = 42 Units

TOTAL CREDITS AT THE END OF 2-YEAR COURSE = 78 Units


1.DIPLOMA IN ACCOUNTING: COURSE CURRICULUM

YEAR 1: 1ST SEMESTER

GNS 101 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES & STATISTICS
Nature and scope of Statistics: Definitions, Population and Samples, Descriptive and Inferential Statistics, Application of Statistics in Business; Sources, Uses and Limitation of Statistics. Presentation of Data, Tabulation, Frequency Distribution, Diagrams and Charts; Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Mode and Median; Measures of Variation: Range, Standard Deviation, Mean Deviation, Co-efficient of Variation; Basic ideas of Sampling:Methods of Data Collection, Census and surveys, Biases and Errors, Editing and Processing, Sampling designs; Index Numbers: Price, Quantity and Value Relative Indices, Simple and Weighted Indices; Decision Theory: Stages in decision making, certainty, risk and uncertainty, decision tables and expected values; Linear Programming: Problem formulation and solution by graphical method; Allocation Problems: Problem formulation and finding initial basic feasible solutions.


GNS 102 USE OF ENGLISH
Language Development *Meaning and concept of language
Charateritics and function of language Grammatical Conventions *Define grammar
Essentials of grammar *Define, and analyze the use of parts of
speech
Syntax and synthetic arrangement *Idioms & Idiomatic expressions
Punctuation and figures of speech *Lexical errors
Summary Writen and Note-Taking/ Making *Concept andtypes of summary writing
techniques and methods of note
taking/making
Essays *Main features of any essay
Types of essay *Method of paragraph Development
Style in essay wrtting *Basic qualities and characteristic of a
good essay
Literature in English *Meaning and essential of literature
Literary genres *Correspondence
Parts of a letter *Formal, imformal and semi-formal letter
formats
Types of letter and business correspondence *Techniques for correspondence
Report writing *Technical reports Definition and types
Form of presentation of a technical
report.

DAC 103 PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF FINANCIAL
ACCOUNTING.

Nature of Accounting: History and development of accounting discipline. Sources of Business finance, Measuring Profits, Role of Accounting in the operation and management of organizations.
Accounting Records and Books: Accounting principles, Concepts and Policies, Principles of Double Entry, Recording Transactions into Ledger Accounts, Extraction of Trial balance, Errors a Trial Balance cannot disclose.
Preparation and Use of Financial statements: Classification of accounts, provisions and reserves, preparation of manufacturing, profit and loss accounts, balance sheets, users of financial statements. Simple final accounts of sole proprietors.

Recommended Textbooks:

1.Frank Wood/J.O. Omuya: Business Accounting
(Vol. 1 & 2) (Longman).
2.Vickery, B.G.: Principles and Practice of
Bookkeeping and Accounts (Donning ton Press).
3.Geoffrey Whitehead: Success in Principles of
Accounting (John Murray Publishers Ltd.).

DAC 103 PRINCIPLES OF MICRO & MACRO ECONOMICS
(1) Scope of Economics
-Define economics and the scope
-State the limitation of the definition
-Relate economics to the physical sciences
and other social sciences
(2) Price Theory
-Explain the concept of demand, supply and
income elasticity
-Discuss the concept of utility
-Explain and solve problems on price and
income elasticity
(3) Production (4) Location of Industries
(5) Financial Institutions in the economy.

Explain demand and supply of money differentiate between central and commercial banks; Historical development in Nigeria. Role of other financial insitutions and their sources of capital and credit. Distinguish the functions of banks with reference to the Nigeria economy. Explain the principles of involvement and the role of stock. Explain the necessity for exchange inthe capital market.

(6) National Income (7) International trade
(8) Economic Development

- Define economic development; Discuss the
theories of economic development.
- Identify the stages of economic development.
- Explain the impact of technology.
(9) Element of Public Finance.

DAC 105 COST ACCOUNTING

1.Elements of Cost: Definition and purpose of Cost Accounting; Important definitions: Cost units, Cost centres, Cost Allocation and Cost apportionment; Classification of cost by functions, elements, responsibility, definition and behaviour. Separation of costs by High and Low points methods.

2.Materials: Purchasing, reception and storage; Stock recording: receipts and issues including systems of recording (perpetual inventory system); Inventory Control items (lead or procurement time, buffer stock or minimum stock or safety stock, economic ordering quantity (EOQ), maximum and reorder levels, reorder quantity and methods of calculating the major control levels; application of EOQ. ABC control and just-in-time control methods.

3.Pricing and Issues of Stocks: Methods: FIFO, LIFO, Average Price Method, Advantages and Disadvantages and effect 01.of methods on stock valuation.

4.Labour: Basic methods of remuneration: those based on time and those which relation pay to output either directly or indirectly; General features of incentive schemes: types, advantages and disadvantages; Payroll outline and labour costing, labour cost control; Matters which have an impact on labour costs:- wage determination, job evaluation, merit rating, labour turnover.

5.Overhead Cost

Definition of Basic Terms: allocation, overhead apportionment, and absorption; Overhead classification and analysis; Principles of apportionment and absorption of overhead into costs centres and units. (Re-apportionment of service departments costs to production departments not required); Simple over/under absorption.

6.Costing Methods

Basic definitions: production costing; broad categories; specific order costing and operation costing; Distinction between costing methods and costing techniques; Types of costing systems:job costing (batch costing, specific order costing, contract costing), continuous operation/process costing and service function costing; Absorption costing Definition, uses and comparison with Direct costing; Simple operating statements using marginal and absorption costing.

7.Budgeting and Standard Costing.

8.Budget Administration.

Purpose and Objective of Budgets; Preparation of simple material, labour and cash budgets; Introduction to standard costing, types of standard; Calculation of simple variances on materials, labour and variable overheads. Selling price and sales volume variances; (Fixed overhead variances material mix and yield/variances are not required)

Recommended textbook: Costing by T. Lucey (Latest Edition).

DAC 107 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
Introduction: Definitions, Scope, Objectives; Nature of Management: theory and practice.
The Management Process: Concept of Universality of Management; Functions performed by organisations managers. The modern management process; Required managerial skills. Henri Fayol Principles of Management: authority, responsibility and delegation; Unity of Command, Span of control, Specialisation, Harmony of objectives, Line of Authority, Remuneration; Centralization, Decentralization and Divisionalisation.

Delegation: Definition, scope/basis, importance; Limit of processes of effective delegation; Difficulties/Barriers, Overcoming the barriers.
Elements of Management: Planning: - Types of Planning strategic, tactical and operational planning, Long range planning, Techniques of Effective Planning, Advantages and Problems.
Control: Systems/Methods, Problems, Advantages; Co-ordination: Meaning, Principles; Organizing: Types, Principles, Problems.
Organizational Structure: Formal and Informal Structures; Types of Organizational Relationships: Line, Line and Staff, Functional Relationships, Concept of Bureaucracy; Departmentation; Major influences of Organizational Structure on Technology, Organization Size; The Dynamics of Organization: Organizational Change and Development.
The Main Systems and Techniques of Management: Communication, including Information Flows; MBO, MBE, OR, O&M, Techniques.

Recommended Textbooks:

1)Students Guide to Principles of Management J. C. Denyer, ACIS; AMBIM, 2nd Edition, 1972,Zeus Press, London.

2)Management: Theory and Practice G. A. Cole,
3rd Edition ELBS.

3)Modern Business Administration R.C. Appleby, 5th Edition ELBS, 1991.

4)Management: Theory and Practice C.C. Nwachukwu, MBA, Ph.D. 1st Ed, 1988.

5)Elements of Business in Nigeria. 1st Edition 1988, Edited by O. Iyanda & J.A. Bello, University of Lagos Press.

6)Management Harold Koontz and Heinz Weihrich, 10th Edition.

7)Business Administration and Management C.S. Deverell.4th Edition.

YEAR 1: 2ND SEMESTER

GNS 102 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS & SPREADSHEET

1.Historical Background; Computer definition; Classifification according to generation.

2.Development of computer in society; Computers and Society the social.

3.Implicatons of computers on society - benefits and disadvantages of computers to the society.

4.Hardware Configuration; Describing computer hardware configuration; Input/output, auxiliary units; Functions of CPU, RAM and ROM; Define bits, nibbles, bytes, word (length), storage size in terms of KB, MB, GB, etc. Uses of interface devices; Hardware classification by physical size: Mainframe, mini and micro computers.

5.Concept of Software; Low-level and high-level languages, third and fourth generation languages; Source and object code; Translators - assembler, compiler and interpreter.

6.Information Processing; Definition of Information. Understanding the principle of data collection; Coding techniques and data control. Methods of file organisation (Character, fields, key fields, records, and files), master file, transaction file, dormant and active file. Serial and random retrieval of information from the files.

7.Concept of a database.

8.Applications of computer networks.

9.Number systems. Definition of binary, octal,
decimal and hexadecimal numbers. Converting from
one number system to another.

10.Algorithms and flow charting, Definition of
algorithm; Describing ANSI flowchart.

11.BASIC Layout; Data Types; Input/Output
statement PRINT, LPRINT, INPUT, READ.

12.Control structure: FOR NEXT, WHILE END, IF
¦ THEN ¦ ELSE, GOTO.

13.Processing of data; Arrays, Data files.
Documentation and structured design.

14.Computer data processing systems; Definition
and comparism of batch procesing, restore
processing time sharing and distributed
processing.

15.Data transmission, definition of data transmission; Explain the term telecommunication; Methods of data transmission; Applications of computer networks.
16. Number systems - definition of binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal numbers; Converting from one number system to another.
17. Introduction to ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET, using MS-EXCEL.

GNS 104 COMMUNICATION SKILL
Principles of communication
Communication skills and methods
Customers and public relation communication
Obtaining information, interpreting, selecting, using and exchanging information.
Selecting and using appropriate format of communication
Sources of business information
Persuading, identifying false argument
Formulating and defending rational argument
Engaging in constructive discussion.
Information storage and retrieval
Report writing and form design
Barriers to effective communication
Remedies to barriers in group cooperation.

DAC 102 COST ACCOUNTING (II)
1.Cost Analysis
Cost estimation methods: (I) High and Low Points Method; Least Squares method; (ii) Treatment of Inflation in cost estimation.
2.Accounting for Raw Materials
EOQ model (I) Various methods of calculation; (ii) Treatment of quantity discounts. (b) JIT method.
3.Accounting for Overheads
(a) Apportionment of service department costs using (I) Direct apportionment; (ii) step apportionment; (iii) Repeated distribution, Simultaneous equations, (b) Absorption of overheads to cost units; (c) Analysis of over/under absorption volume variance and expenditure variance; (d) Activity based costing.
4.Job and Process Costing
Job, batch, uniform and contract costing, including work-in-process; Process costing including principles of equivalent units, treatment of normal and abnormal losses and gains, joint products and by-products; operating cost, uniform costing.
5.Marginal Costing and Break-Even Analysis
Definition of basic terms: marginal costing, break-even analysis, contribution; Uses of marginal costing; Traditional break-even charts, profit-volume charts. Methods of calculating break-even point, margin of safety and ascertainment of angle of incidence, profit volume ratio for single product; Limitations of break-even charts; Applications of break-even analysis: profit planning, choice of method of production, effect of decision to increase/decrease sales volume and sales needed to offset a selling price decrease, decision to make or buy; Limiting factors and decisions about alternatives such as make or buy.
6.Budgets and Budgetary Control
Definition of basic terms: budget and budgetary control, budget manual, budget committee, budget officer, principal budget factor; Budgeting process and organisation; Preparation of functional budgets, types of budgets: master budget, cash budget etc; Methods of preparation; Benefits derived from a budgeting system; Limitations of budgeting system.
7.Standard Costing
Definition of Standards and standard costing; types and bases of setting standards (basic, current, ideal and normal standards); Methods of setting standard cost; Use of standard costs; Variance analysis; materials labour and overhead only (Mix and yield variances are not required); Preparation of profits and reconciliation of budgeted and actual reports; Limitations of standard costing system.
8.Integrated and Non-Integrated Accounts
Definitions of integrated cost accounts and interlock accounts; Book-keeping entries for costing systems, integrated accounts and interlocking; Reconciliation of financial and cost accounting profit.
Recommended textbook: Costing by T. Lucey (Latest Edition).

DAC 104 BUSINESS LAW
Nature of Law: Theories of Law, Sources of Nigerian Law, Divisions of Law and Nigerian Courts System.
CONTRACT : Definition, Types, Features of a valid contract. Terms of contracts types. Breach of contract and exclusion or limiting clauses. Misrepresentation, mistake, duress and undue influence, illegality, capacity, privity of contracts, Assignment, performance and frustration, remedies.
SALE OF GOODS: Definition, Sale and Agreement to sell, formalities, capacity to buy and sell, goods and their prices, contract of sale of Goods distinguished from other contracts, conditions and warranties, transfer of property and ownership, transfer of title, performance of the contract, delivery, CIF, FOB and ex-ship contracts, acceptance, rights of unpaid seller, remedies of the buyer.
AGENCY: Definition, capacity, classification, types, creation of agency, ratification, scope of an agents authority, rights and duties as between principal and agent, relation of principal and agent and third party, termination of agency.
HIRE PURCHASE: Definition, Obligations of the Parties at Common Law, Rights of the Hirer and of the Owner against Third Parties, Disposition of Hire Purchase Goods by the Hirer, courts execution against the Hirer. Credit Sale agreement, 1965 Hire Purchase Act.
INTRODUCTION TO NIGERIAN INTELLECTUAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY: Copyright, Patent, Trade Marks, Industrial Designs etc
BANKING AND NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS: History and development of Nigerian Banking system. The structure of the Nigerian banking system.
Banker/Customer Relationship and Duties
Accounts, Garnishee Orders and Closing of Accounts.
Bank Financing
Negotiable Instruments, Quasi-Negotiable Instruments, Bills of Exchange, Definition, Characteristics, Defects, Deficiencies and Irregularities, Types and Specimen of Bills. The parties, Rights and Duties of holder, Issue and Signature, Negotiation, Acceptance of Bills, Payment of Bills, Dishonour of Bills, Discharge of Bills, Cheques and Promissory Notes.

TAXATION: Definition, Objectives, Characteristics and Classification, Interpretation of Taxing Statutes. Personal Taxation, Employment Taxation, Business taxation, Company taxation, Capital taxation and Value Added Tax. Tax evasion and Tax avoidance. Tax Administration and incentives.
INSURANCE: Nature of Insurance contracts, Classification of insurance, Procedure and Registration of Insurer, Insurance contracts, Insurance Interests, Good faith, Indemnity, Conditions and Warranties in Insurance Contract, Premium, Claim settlement proximate Clause, Subrogation, Contribution, Assignment, Policies, Reinstatement, Agency, Construction of Policies, Insurance Brokers, Reinsurance, Types of Insurance: Life, Marine, Motor, Fire insurance.

DAC 106 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING (II)
Revision of DAC 103.
Nature of Accounting: History and development of accounting discipline. Sources of Business finance, Measuring Profits, Role of Accounting in the operation and management of organizations.
Advanced Treatment of Preparation and Use of Financial statements: Classification of accounts, provisions and reserves, preparation of manufacturing, profit and loss accounts, balance sheets, users of financial statements. Final accounts of partnerships, limited liability companies. Disclosures in line with CAMA 1990.
Accounts of non-commercial organizations: Clubs, Societies, Charitable organisations, Trade Unions, etc.
Bank Reconciliation Statements: Concept of bank reconciliation; Various formats for preparing Bank Reconciliation Statements.
Special accounts Control accounts, Departmental accounts.
Account Receivables.
Joint venture accounts.
Consignment Accounts and Bills of Exchange consignment accounts not involving a bill; consignment account involving discounted and not discounted bill of exchange, etc.
Recommended Textbooks:
1. Frank Wood/J. O. Omuya: Business Accounting (Vol. 1 & 2) (Longman).
2. Vickery, B.G.: Principles and Practice of Bookkeeping and Accounts (Donning ton Press).

DAC 108 INTRODUCTION TO AUDITING & TAXATION
AUDITING: The Nature and Purpose of an Audit; Appointment, Dismissal, Resignation, Responsibilities of an Auditor; the Role of Internal and External Auditors; The Concept of True and Fair; The Independence of the Auditor; Audit Planning; Documentation of Audit Work; Internal Control System; Audit Procedures, Verification of Assets and Liabilities; Audit Report Types, Professional Requirements.
TAXATION: Basic concept of taxation. The Federal Inland Revenue Services, the State Board of Internal Revenue; the Joint Tax Board Duties and Composition. Basis Periods; Capital Allowances; The Personal Income Tax Decree 104 of 1993 Taxation of Employees; Sole Traders and Partners; Companies Income Tax Act of 1979 and subsequent amendments/ repeals.


YEAR 2: 1ST SEMESTER

GNS 201 ENTREPRENEURAL DEVELOPMENT & BUSINESS POLICY
A.ENTREPRENEURAL DEVELOPMENT
Personal characters and behavioural traits of entrepreneurs. Qualities of a good entrepreneur. Financial aspects of entrepreneurship. The Nigerian environment and problems of entrepreneurs. The Nigerian legislations regulating entrepreneur activities. Other preparations feasibility study and feasibility report; pre-incorporation activities and the role of promoters of business.
B.BUSINESS POLICY
The nature and dynamics of business policy; case studies of general management and the coordination of the functions of management/finance. Advanced production method and policies. Decision theory. The classical school creative brain-storming and technological forecasting. Certainty and uncertainty models. The concept of achievement.

DAC 201 ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Review of company accounts, group accounts preparations of consolidated accounts, elimination of intra-group balance and profit on intra-group transactions, treatment of minor interests and cost of control.
Accounting problems of group of companies, including multinationals, take-overs, mergers, re-constructions, re-organisations, associated companies. Accounting for acquisitions and mergers.
Accounting for foreign branches/affiliates, methods of conversion, etc. Valuation of shares and business on going-concern and brake-up bases.
Bankruptcy concern and insolvency.
Accounting for specialised transactions, investment and securities, pension funds, banks and insurance industries with particular reference to relevant legislations. Interpretation of financial statements ratio analysis of working capital and statement of the courses and implication of funds and cash flows; objectives of disclosure.

DAC 203 SYSTEM ANALYSIS & MANAGEMENT INFO. SYSTEM
A.SYSTEM ANALYSIS
1.DATA PROCESSING CONCEPTS
Data information evolution; types of data processing methods; data processing methods batch, on-line, interactive.
2.INTRODUCTION TO EDP AND COMPUTERS
Basic concepts of EDP centralized data processing; Classes of computer by size (mainframe, mini and micro) and operation (analogue, digital & hybrid). Basic Components of a Computer and their functions. Computer software definition, types of software (systems software & application software). Programming Languages. Data preparation, data entry, and data control; computer operation. Input/output devices. Backing storage and their uses, computer files field, record, file, transactions file, master files, file organization and access methods. Uses of computer in banking and their social implications. Computer security and fraud prevention.

3.SYSTEM ANALYSIS, DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION
System proposal, preliminary investigation, feasibility study, analysis and techniques employed, system specification, development (programming aids, programming and program testing) and implementation. Changeover procedures, review and software systems maintenance. Procedure for computerization, organization of an EDP department, functions and personnel.
a)Project Life Cycle: Logical stages of a project; Role of the users in the development of project, role of the participating members of the project team, need for breakpoints, checkpoint and the milestones concept as aid to effective quality control.
b)Managing Systems Development Process: Basic principles of planning and control at strategic, tactical and operational levels. Various planning and control tools. Organization and control of a project team; Need for project management structure. Explain the balance of planning as scheduling of resources available against required demand and the need for control measures.
c)Systems Analysis and Design: Purpose of analysis, systems design and conversion of logical into physical specification. Scope and limitation of structured analysis and design in the project lifecycle.
d)Structured Approach: Use of available tools in the structures environment e.g. Data flow diagrams, Entity Diagrams, Entity Life History and Data Dictionary. List and explain the objectives of computer systems boundaries, etc.
e)System creation: Determine capital vs. Revenue costs, Benefits tangible and intangible, open system interconnection.
f) Fact- Finding Techniques. g) Communication
h) Systems Control. i) Systems Documentation.
B. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
1.CONCEPTS: Explain management; Define and list exxample of MIS; Explain the significiance of MIS to Business Organisation. System Theory: Taxonomy of system:determine, sytems theory, probabilities, static and dynamic. Organization system and subsystem; Closed and open loop system; Levels of information in terms of operations planning and decision making and information handling. Channels
of communication with an organisation.
2.Decision Making : Stages in decision making; Decision making techniques: PERT, Gannt Chart, clipp, stakes; Simulate and analyze a model of a specific organisation
3.Project management : System development life cycle; Tools used in project management PERT, CPA etc.
4.Total System : Objectives of the total system; Contribution of each subsystem of total system; Rationalisation of information flows, timing and accuracy of destination of output;Effect of time lag on inputs; Effects of deviating from standard

DAC 205 MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Nature and purpose of management accounting: An overview of management accounting techniques; Management accounting as a tool of management and its role in a changing environment. Decision-making: Short term decision Application of the relationship between changes in volume and output (C-V-P) analysis. Limitations of cost-profit analysis. Measuring costs and benefits in making decisions such as: dropping a segment, make or buy decisions, replacement of equipment. Decisions with one scarce resource. Decision-making under conditions of risk and uncertainty; definitions of risk and uncertainty. Application and limitations of probabilities. Understanding measure of amount of uncertainty. Use of decision tree analysis.
Planning: Budgetary Planning Nature and principal use of budgeting. Basic ideas and definitions. Types of budgets: short term or long term budgets, fixed and flexible budgets.
Budgeting Process: Identification of objectives, search for possible courses of action, gathering data about alternatives and measuring pay-offs, selection of course of action, implementation of long term plans and monitoring outcomes and comparing with actual performance. Preparation of master and functional budgets including use of probabilities. Preparation of cash budgets. Alternative approaches to budgeting: zero-base budgeting, PPBS.
Control: Control theory control theory in accounting: feedback loops: open and closed systems. Applicability to management accounting within an organisation; control aspect of budgeting: definition of concept, budgetary control, and its objections and relationship with responsibility accounting. Concepts of controllable and uncontrollable outcomes. Analysis of variances. Behavioural aspect of budgeting, including goal congruence, motivation and the problems of dysfunctional behaviour. Problems of budgeting.
Standard costing: Relationship of standard costing with budgeting. Method of setting standards for elements of cost materials, labour and overhead. Basic and advance de-variances including materials mix and yield variances, sales (price-quantity), material mix and yield variances. Behavioural aspects of standard costing.
Application of Quantitative methods to various aspects of management accounting. Mathematical approach to cost estimation: graphical or scatter graph method, least squares method and tests of reliability. Application of quantitative models for determining the optimum investment in stocks, use of tabulation method, application and use of EOQ models. Application of linear programming techniques to a variety of management accounting problems. Limitation of linear programming.
Divisional Performance Evaluation. Performance measures and control in divisionalised companies; Principles of organisational arrangements/structural decentralisation and divisionalisation and possible problems which may arise.
Concepts of Profit centres and investment centres. Measures of performance: profit measures, residual use of non-financial measures. Transfer pricing in divisionalised companies: Objectives of transfer pricing. Approaches which can be adopted to arrive at transfer prices for transactions between divisions. Advantages and disadvantages of various methods cost and market based prices.

DAC 207 OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
Introduction to operations research: Definition of O/R. Characteristics of O/R. Phases of O/R study. Models and their types. Applications of O/R. Limitations of O/R. Linear Programming. Problems: Problem Formulation. Graphical Solution. Simplex method. Types of solution: Feasible solution, Optimum solution, Basic solution, Bounded solution, etc. Sensitivity analysis (i.e. post-optimality analysis).
Transportation problem: Obtain initial feasible solution using different methods such as North West Cost rule, least cost rule, Vogel approximation, etc. Transportation algorithm.
Assignment Problems: Minimisation and Maximisation cases. Unbalanced problems. Prohibited assignment. Sequencing routing: a number of jobns, two stations. A number of jobs, three stations. Determination of elapsed time and idle time.
Queing Theory: Characteristics of simple queue. Application to simple problems.
Replacement Analysis. Network Analysis.

DAC 209 AUDITING & INVESTIGATION
Summary of auditing topics in auditing and taxation paper in greater details. Sampling and statistical techniques. Audit of group accounts. Special audit banks, insurance companies, mortgage banks, account of solicitors, charitable organisation, non-profit making organisation. Auditing in a computer environment. Investigations purchase of business, prospectus, fraud, etc.


YEAR 2: 2ND SEMESTER

GNS 202 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS & SPSSO
A.MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
Scope of managerial economics, definitions; micro-economic theory and business decision-making. Business objectives. Profit as an objective. Investment decisions.Techniques of investment appraisal, cost-benefit analysis. Issues relating to pricing policy. Application of Managerial economic principles and approach in practical problem solving.

B.STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES (SPSSO)
SPSSO at a glance. Collection of Data; Distributed Analysis. Data Management. Working with data files. Using the Data Editor. Statistical analysis. Reports. Descriptive statistics. Compare means. Correlation. Regression Analysis. Data reduction. Non parametric tests. Graphical Analysis.

DAC 202 PUBLIC FINANCE
Nature and scope of public finance. The Nigerian tax structure. Cannon of taxation, avoidance and evasion. Aims and objectives of fiscal policy development of fiscal policy. Difference from monetary policies. Revenue Allocation: concept, origin and development. Sources of revenue and relative importance. Public debt definition, sources, origin, growth, types and management. Government expenditures nature and purpose.The consolidated revenue fund establishment and operations. The budget budget cycle, preparation and submission, legislative action and approval, implementation, accounting and review. Role of public accounting committee. Formulation and appraisal of public projects, rate of returns. Cost/benefit analysis: distinction between economic, non-economic and revenue yielding projects and the methods of appraisal. Development Planning in Nigeria 1st to 5th development plans, rolling plans and perspective planning. Models of financial management profit maximisation, welfare maximisation, value for money, and accountability model.


DAC 204 PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING
Accounting concepts, bases and policies relevant to the public sector. Legislative requirements governing the forms and content of public sector accounts. Accounts of the main type of public sector organisations both commercially oriented and non commercially oriented. Accounting requirement for the Local Government. Interpretation of accounts and financial statement of local government. Application of accounting principles and techniques within the local government system. Specific legal, capital and revenue provisions relating to the financing of local government services. Application of financial techniques to publicly provided services revenue finance borrowings, leasing. The formulation of charging policies. Preparation of the annual budget services, balances and rate equalisation; control of expenditure. Finance budget accounting and costing. Audit of local authorities. Functions of chief finance officer, treasurers department of local government, standing orders and financial regulations and the financial role of elected representative.


DAC 206 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
The nature, purpose and scope of financial management: The contributions of other related subjects, quantitative analysis, law, economics, financial accounting etc. The nature and scope of financial objectives of different types of organisations. Financial planning as a management process, relationship between company, management and the stakeholders (agency problems). The nature and functions of money and capital markets: key institutions including the role of SEC, NSE and other participants. Instruments of the markets: nature, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
Mathematics of Finance: Simple interest and compound interest calculations. Calculation of present values and the applications of annuities, sinking funds. Present values involving growths (both positive and negative growths). Preparation of loan amortisation schedules. Calculation of annualised interest rates and yields.
Management of Working Capital: The components of working capital and the importance of effective working capital management to corporate survival. Cash: Preparation of cash budget and managing cash surpluses and deficits. Debtor: analysis and evaluation of various credit terms, use of cash discounts and debt collection techniques. Creditors: evaluating trade credits and the advantages and disadvantages of trading on credit. Stock: formulation of various stock policies and stock control systems and techniques including inventory models, such as EOQ and JIB. No questions will be set on safety stock and POQ under uncertainty.
Sources of Finance, Cost of Capital and Capital Structure: Identification and evaluation of various sources of finance and their relative costs including their suitability to different circumstances and organisations: (a) Sources: types of share capital, new issues, rights issues, loan capital, trade credit and bank finance; leasing as a source of finance. (b) The concept and measurement of the cost of the various elements of capital equity, preference shares, debentures and loan stocks, WACC.

DAC 208 COMPANY LAW
Unincorporated and incorporated companies. Types of incorporation. Types of companies incorporated by registration public, private, limited and unlimited. Attributes of incorporation and lifting of veil of incorporation. Organs of company General meeting and the Board of Directors, Duties, Functions and Relevance, Appointment, Remuneration and Removal of Directors, Company Secretary. The Ultra Vires doctrine; Companys liability for the acts of its organs and officers. Raising and maintenance of capital of capital, formation and flotation of companies, contents and legal effects of (1) prospectus (2) S. A. I. Of CAMA, shares, debentures nature and classes. Subscription, acquisition, transfer and transmission of shares, Publicity, Accounts and Audit. Meetings and Resolutions. Members and Insiders Dealings, Fraud on the Ministry. The rule in Foss v. Harbottle, Reconstructions, Takeovers, and Mergers. Winding up.

DAC 210 TAXATION
Double taxation reliefs. Tax administration in Nigeria. The relevant tax authorities, determination of residence; returns, tax assessments; objections and appeals; recovery of tax, PAYE scheme; offences and penalties. Capital gain tax. Capital transfer tax. Petroleum profit tax, sales and value added tax, etc.


DAC 211 RESEARCH PROJECT
Candidates are expected at the end of the programme to submit a research project on topics relevant to their discipline of about 10,000 words. The essay shall demonstrate the candidates ability to co-ordinate his learning and apply the knowledge of research method to his discipline. The project work should contain: an abstract, introduction, problem statement, rationale for the study (justification), objectives of the study, research method used and an organisational framework with a clear outline of chapters. Lucidity in articulation of candidates views is essential. A fee will be charged each candidate for project supervision.


2.Diploma in BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (DBA)

1ST SEMESTER
GNS 101 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES & STATISTICS
GNS 103 USE OF ENGLISH
DBA 101 PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF ACCOUNTING
DBA 103 PRINCIPLES OF MICRO & MACRO ECONOMICS
DBA 105 INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
DBA 107 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
Units = 18
2ND SEMESTER
GNS 102 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS & SPREADSHEET
GNS 104 COMMUNICATION SKILL
DBA 102 ELEMENTS OF COSTING
DBA 104 INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS LAW
DBA 106 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
DBA 108 BUSINESS ORGANISATION & ADMINISTRATION Units = 18
TOTAL CREDITS AT THE END OF 1ST YEAR = 36 Units
2ND YEAR
1ST SEMESTER
GNS 201 SYSTEM ANALYSIS & MANAGEMENT INFO.
SYSTEM
DBA 201 MANAGEMENT & ORGANISATION THEORY
DBA 203 ENTREPRENEURAL DEVELOPMENT & BUS.
POLICY
DBA 205 ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
DBA 207 OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
DBA 209 ELEMENTS OF FINANCIAL DECISION
Units = 18
2ND SEMESTER
GNS 202 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS & SPSSO
DIA 202 SALES AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT
DIA 204 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
DIA 206 PUBLIC FINANCE
DIA 208 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR & HUMAN
RELATIONS
DBA 210 COMPANY LAW
DIA 211 RESEARCH PROJECT
Units = 24
TOTAL CREDITS FOR 2ND YEAR = 42 Units
TOTAL CREDITS AT THE END OF 2-YEAR COURSE = 78 Units

YEAR 1: 1ST SEMESTER

GNS 101 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES & STATISTICS
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

GNS 103 USE OF ENGLISH
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 101 PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF ACCOUNTING
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 103 PRINCIPLES OF MICRO & MACRO ECONOMICS
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 105 INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
The scope of business. The framework of business, type of business organizations. Business organizational structures, activities, business and the society. The characteristics of business from social, legal and economic perspectives. Forms of ownership, organization and management elements of business. Marketing, production, personnel, finance and accounting functions. Government and business. The Nigerian business enterprises. International business problems.

DBA 107 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

YEAR 1: 2ND SEMESTER

GNS 102 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS & SPREADSHEET
Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

GNS 104 COMMUNICATION SKILL
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 102 ELEMENTS OF COSTING
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 104 INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS LAW
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 106 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 108 BUSINESS ORGANISATION & ADMINISTRATION
Basic principles of Management, hierarchy of authority and responsibility, organisation charts, chains of command, span of control, and delegation of authority. Functions of Management: Planning, organizing, directing, co-ordinating, and controlling. Production planning and control: factory location and layout, quality control and inspection, the role of work-study and organisation and methods (O&M). The Functions and Role of Supervisors: Recruitment and training, job evaluation, job description, effective delegation and motivation. Office planning and design: legislation affecting the working environment; links between environment and performance.

YEAR 2: 1ST SEMESTER

GNS 201 SYSTEM ANALYSIS & MANAGEMENT INFO. SYSTEM
(see Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 201 MANAGEMENT & ORGANISATION THEORY
Historical development: human relations movement, theory X, theory Y and theory Z (Japanese), management approaches; Classical and modern organisation theories; human motivation; personality development theory; group dynamics and informal organisation. Leadership and the dynamics of power; the dynamics of behaviour, frustration, and conflict. The impact of change.

DBA 203 ENTREPRENEURAL DEVELOPMENT & BUS. POLICY
(see Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 205 ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
(see Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 207 OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(see Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 209 ELEMENTS OF FINANCIAL DECISION
Financial Mathematics simple interest, compound interest, compounding and discounting. Time value of money, annuities, and perpetuities. Overview of quantitative techniques used in management decision such as linear regression equation, probability theory, standard deviation, differentiation and integration, etc. Break-even analysis computation of break-even point in quantity and value, sales value for target profits, etc. Sources and cost of finance short, medium and long term finance, international finance and other external sources of finance. Cost of the different sources of finance. Capital investment appraisal techniques nature of capital budgeting problems, overview of basic appraisal techniques like Accounting rate of return (ARR), pay-back period (PBP), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR). Analysis of risk in financial decision concept of risk and uncertainty, criteria for decision taking, measuring risk.


YEAR 2: 2ND SEMESTER

GNS 202 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS & SPSSO
(see Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 202 SALES AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT
Introduction: definition, philosophies of sales management; task, marketing and sales management interface relationship. Sales planning, components of sales plan; steps involved in planning, sales budget, sales forecasting. Sales force management; establishing the sales force objectives; designing sales force strategy, developing sales force structure, size, compensation, recruiting, selection, supervision, training and evaluation. Sales territory development and management; distribution management; channels of distribution and products handling.

DBA 204 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 206 PUBLIC FINANCE
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 208 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR & HUMAN RELATIONS
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 210 COMPANY LAW
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBA 211 RESEARCH PROJECT
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

3.Diploma in BANKING & FINANCE (DBF)

1ST SEMESTER
GNS 101 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES & STATISTICS
GNS 103 USE OF ENGLISH
DBF 101 PRIN. & PRACTICE OF FINANCIAL
ACCOUNTING
DBF 103 PRINCIPLES OF MICRO & MACRO ECONOMICS
DBF 105 ELEMENTS OF BANKING
DBF 107 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
Units = 18
2ND SEMESTER

GNS 102 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS & SPREADSHEET
GNS 104 COMMUNICATION SKILL
DBF 102 ELEMENTS OF COSTING
DBF 104 BUSINESS LAW
DBF 102 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
DBF 106 PRACTICE OF BANKING (I)
Units=18
TOTAL CREDITS FOR 1ST YEAR = 36 Units
2ND YEAR
1ST SEMESTER
GNS 201 ENTREPRENEURAL DEVELOPMENT & BUS.
POLICY
DBF 201 ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
DBF 203 SYSTEM ANALYSIS & MANAGEMENT INFO.
SYSTEM
DBF 205 INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
DBF 207 OPERATIONS RESEARCH
DBF 209 ELEMENTS OF FINANCIAL DECISION
Units 18

2ND SEMESTER

GNS 202 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS & SPSSO
DBF 202 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
DBF 204 LAW RELATING TO BANKING (II)
DBF 206 PUBLIC FINANCE
DBF 208 COMPANY LAW
DBF 210 PRACTICE OF BANKING (II)
DBF 211 RESEARCH PROJECT
Units=24
TOTAL CREDITS FOR 2ND YEAR = 42 Units
TOTAL CREDITS AT THE END OF 2-YEAR COURSE = 78 Units
YEAR 1: 1ST SEMESTER

GNS 101 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES & STATISTICS
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)
GNS 103 USE OF ENGLISH
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 101 PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF FINANCIAL
ACCOUNTING
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 103 PRINCIPLES OF MICRO & MACRO ECONOMICS
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 105 ELEMENTS OF BANKING
Basic concept of money and credit, evolution and structure of Nigerian banking system. Distinguishing features, similarities, differences, importance and functions of the various banking/financial institutions. Evolution and structure of financial markets in Nigeria. The evolution and structure of international banking. Basic concepts in banking. The Clearing House role of CBN. Critical issues in Nigerian Banking, including distress and over-trading. Manpower Development in Banking. The role of CIBN and FITC.

DBF 107 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

YEAR 1: 2ND SEMESTER

GNS 102 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS & SPREADSHEET
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

GNS 104 COMMUNICATION SKILL
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 102 ELEMENTS OF COSTING
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 104 BUSINESS LAW
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 106 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 108 PRACTICE OF BANKING (I)
Legal aspect of Bankers rights, Bankers responsibilities and duties, duty of secrecy, bankers opinion, customers right and responsibilities. Types of customers accounts, in particular private customers, joint account holders, executives clubs, trustees Ltd. Steps to be taken on the death, mental incapacity, and bankruptcy of customers or on the presentation of the garnishee order against a customer. Special customers account. Negotiable instruments Bills of Exchange Act Cap 21 Laws of Federation of Nigeria of 1958, as amended, Act of 1964, etc. Frauds in the banking system, definition, types of frauds, causes, control and effects on the corporate image of the banks, etc.

YEAR 2: 1ST SEMESTER

GNS 201 ENTREPRENEURAL DEVELOPMENT & BUSINESS POLICY
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 201 ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 203 SYSTEM ANALYSIS & MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 205 INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
Protection against foreign exchange risks. Cost implication of forward contract. Foreign exchange arithmetic. Various risks involved with international trade and protection available, factors affecting rates of exchange. Foreign clearing system, appreciation of cash flow considerations. The various instruments used in international trade and exchange. Recognition of West African clearing house, the Eurocurrency market, the EEC currency unit (Euro) and the European Monetary System.

DBF 207 OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 209 ELEMENTS OF FINANCIAL DECISION
(Refer to Diploma in Business Administration)

YEAR 2: 2ND SEMESTER

GNS 202 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS & SPSSO
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 202 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 204 LAW RELATING TO BANKING (II)
Treatment of assets and properties as securities. Transfer of properties. The use of properties in banking reference to land, life insurance policies, stocks, and shares, etc. Guarantee, definition, essential contract of guarantee, the liability of the guarantor, rights against the creditors, the position of the principal debtor and cosurateem, determination of a guarantee, negotiable instruments, cheques, payments, etc.

DBF 206 PUBLIC FINANCE
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 208 COMPANY LAW
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)

DBF 210 PRACTICE OF BANKING (II)
Loan appraisal, fund flow statements for lending purposes, use of ratio analysis in forecasting financial requirements, project appraisal, loan syndication portfolio and treasury management. Credit management, advances control, bad debt identification, management and recovery of bad debt. Contingent facilities bonds, guarantees. Banks services and specialised services, export financing, leasing, investment, consortium lending, and corporate advice. Marketing of financial services by banks, etc.

DBF 211 RESEARCH PROJECT
(Refer to Diploma in Accounting)